What Is Legal English

The specialized variety (or occupational register) of the English language used by lawyers and in legal documents is called legal English. As David Mellinkoff has noted, legal English includes distinctive words, meanings, phrases, and modes of expression (The Language of the Law, 1963). A pejorative term for abstruse forms of legal English is legalese. Examples and Observations I know you lawyers can with easeTwist words and meanings as you please;That language, by your skill made pliant,Will bend to favour every client. (John Gay, The Dog and the Fox. Fables, 1727 and 1738)So, you might speak English, but can you understand what goes on in court? Actually, it is likely that many people will understand most, in not all, of the talk that is addressed directly to them... In spoken legal contexts the legal vocabulary and sentence structures typically occur in talk between lawyers and judges: it is a kind of insiders language, similar to the way in which computer technicians might discuss your computer problems, in their specialised register, in front of you. (Diana Eades, Using English in the Legal Process. The Routledge Companion to English Language Studies, ed. by Janet Maybin and Joan Swann. Routledge, 2010) What Makes Legal Language Difficult? One of the main reasons why legal language is sometimes difficult to understand is that it is often very different from ordinary English. This comprises two issues: 1. The writing conventions are different: sentences often have apparently peculiar structures, punctuation is used insufficiently, foreign phrases are sometimes used instead of English phrases (e.g. ​inter alia instead of among others), unusual pronouns are employed (the same, the aforesaid, etc.), and unusual set phrases are to be found (null and void, all and sundry).2. A large number of difficult words and phrases are used. (Rupert Haigh, Legal English, 2nd ed. Routledge-Cavendish, 2009) Legal Doublets It must have been quite hard, being a lawyer in the Middle Ages in England. Originally, all your law books would have been in Latin. Then, in the 13th century, they start being written in French. Then along comes English. Lawyers had a problem. When they wanted to talk about a legal issue, which words should they use?... If someone decided to leave all his property and possessions to a relative, should the legal document talk about his goods, using the Old English word, or his chattels, using the Old French word? The lawyers thought up an ingenious solution. They would use both... A large number of legal doublets were created in this way, and some of them became so widely known that they entered everyday English. Every time we say fit and proper or wrack and ruin we are recalling a legal mix of English and French. Peace and quiet combines French and Latin. Will and testament combines English and Latin... The pattern caught on. After a while, lawyers began to bring together pairs of w ords from the same language. To avoid a dispute over whether cease meant the same as desist (both words are from French), they simply said that someone should cease and desist. (David Crystal, The Story of English in 100 Words. St. Martins Press, 2012)You must not argue there [in court], as if you were arguing in the schools; close reasoning will not fix their attention--you must say the same thing over and over again, in different words. If you say it but once, they miss it in a moment of inattention. It is unjust, sir, to censure lawyers for multiplying words when they argue; it is often necessary for them to multiply words.(Samuel Johnson, quoted by James Boswell in The Life of Samuel Johnson, 1791) National Varieties of Legal English The American colonies rejected many things British when they won their independence. Yet they retained the common law system, including the notion of precedent. Despite reservations by some prominent Americans, most notably Thomas Jefferson, they also continued to use the legal language associated with that system. Thus modern English lawyers can understand American lawyers fairly well, and vice versa. Yet in some important respects, the British and American legal systems have diverged, producing what are arguably differing dialects of legal English (Tiersma 1999: 43-7). In contrast to the United States, countries such as Canada, Australia, and New Zealand broke away from the United Kingdom much later, and as a result their legal languages are closer to that of England. (Peter M. Tiersma, A History of the Languages of Law. Language and Law, ed. by Peter M. Tiersma and Lawrence M. Solan. Oxford Univ. Press, 2012)

Symptoms And Treatment Of Rubella - 2212 Words

Introduction Rubella virus was the first teratogenic agent to be identified as it disturbs the embryonic development. While the clinical symptoms of rubella infections acquired postnatally are usually mild, and many infections are asymptomatic, this virus can be even fatal for the fetus during pregnancy. The rubella virus replicates in the upper respiratory tract and nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissue, and the virus then spreads to surrounding regional lymph and then bloodstream. It’s highly contagious disease as its transmission occurs by spread of the airborne droplet from person to person. Perhaps it’s the critical period of fetus development and the damages of this teratogenic virus that many studies have been done regarding to the different aspects of congenital rubella. Congenital rubella syndrome The mechanism by which the rubella virus infects the fetus and causes fetal damage is poorly understood. However different suggestions has been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of congenital rubella infection. One study suggests that the immune tolerance in pregnancy explain the RV pathogenesis, as immune system undergoes changes to adapt to fetus and placenta, it becomes more vulnerable. Also the limited maternal passive immunity in the fetus during early pregnancy means that the virus can spread through the bloodstream of the mother and may damage different organs like the placenta. As a result of placental damage, the virus is enabled to cross the placenta intoShow MoreRelatedRubella Is An Infection Of The Skin1138 Words   |  5 PagesRubella is an infection of the skin involving a rash on the skin. Rubella can be spread from person to person as early as one week before the rash begins and as late as one to two weeks after the rash is gone. Usually there are few symptoms including headache, fever, runny nose and headache prior to the appearance of the rash. 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They cut health care and treatment costs, reduce the number of hospital visits, and ensure healthier children, families and communities† (Berkley). Parents believe that by passing up on a chance to let their childrenRead MoreDiabetes : Symptoms, Causes, And Treatments1528 Words   |  7 Pagesproperly to insulin, or in some cases, both could be the case. Patients with high blood sugar will most likely experience polyuria (frequent urination), they will become increasingly thirsty (polydipsia) and hungry (polyphagia). (Diabetes: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatments). Statistics shows that the American diabetes incidence is the highest in developed countries, accounting for 7.8% of the population. 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A History and Epidemiology for Rubella Until the 18th century, rubellaRead MoreSymptoms And Diagnosis Of Measles, Mumps, And Rubella1658 Words   |  7 Pagesperson Incubation period: can range from 12-25 days but is usually 16-18 days Infectious period: ranges from 1 week to 9 days after the onset of parotitis Notification: To the local medical officer of health Prevention method: Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. And cases should be excluded from early childhood services or school until 9 days after the onset of parotitis. Any unimmunised contacts should be advised not to attend early childhood services or school until 26 days after the appearanceRead MorePseudoscience Of Chiropractic And Its Effects On Society1442 Words   |  6 Pages(chiropractic) was used in the medicine and would not allow any vaccine inoculation to be made available to people, which is chiropractic theory. Chiropractic followers set up own theory, method and system and peddle this treatment. As modern humans we enjoy a wide range of medical treatment, and they provide a healthier life. However, advances in modern medicine as with the further research traditional medicines like chiropractic it met with incredulity. For decades the chiropractic has denied modern medicine

Little Women Critique Free Essays

She must merely describe life as it actually was. Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888) wrote Little Women at the request of her publishers, even though she was not very enthused about writing a book for girls. This book is a primary The second book, Century of Struggle: The Woman’s Rights Movement in source. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Women Critique or any similar topic only for you Order Now The united States, by Eleanor Fleeter and Ellen Fitzpatrick (1969, 1975, 1996) is both a primary and a secondary source. The author used primary sources, such as archival material, to depict the struggles that women endured in their path to gain voting rights in the nineteenth century but Ms. Fleeter also drew from her experiences and observations of her mother. Century of Struggle Is a monograph. [l] I don’t think Little Women had a thesis; It was a book written for young girls to enjoy. However, through the use of the author’s own life experiences, the book has left an Imprint of what life was Like for many women during the Call War. Century of Struggle, on the other hand, did have a thesis: â€Å"to survey the position of women during the colonial and revolutionary periods, before any movement may properly be said to have gun; to trace its development from scattered beginnings early in the nineteenth century of a number of different fronts–education, employment, trade union organization, the professions, the law, the franchise–down to then enactment of the suffrage amendment in 1920; to keep that struggle in perspective against the growth of this nation and of such related reform movements as the abolition of slavery, temperance, and the organization of trade unions–bearing in mind that never at any time were these women without the support of far-seeing and loyal men. † Eleanor Fleeter (1908-1995) had a vast Interest In history. She majored In history and English from Swarthmore College and attended Oxford university for one year due to a fellowship she received for her senior thesis on Mary Tudor. In the sass, Ms. Fleeter wrote plays â€Å"that focused on social and economic unrest and the rise of fascism. † The beginning and the content of Century of Struggle began with her experience with labor organizing and her many political activities; she Joined the Communist Party in the ass and participated in with many radical activists and Century of Struggle is a very comprehensive book about the history organizations. Of women in the United States. The author delved as far back as the sass in an effort to depict how women have fought and struggled to obtain roles in society where they were no longer Just housewives or nurses; roles that would give them their own voice In society. Ms. Fleeter stated In her book that â€Å"Whatever their social station, under English common law, which became Increasingly predominant In the colonies and among all religious denominations†¦ Women had many duties, but few rights. 2] In compiling her facts, Ms. Fleeter used an extensive number of sources, view of women’s history, especially their struggle to gain the right to vote. As stated in Century of Struggles preface, Noting rights had long been denied to women as much by prevailing notions of who they were and what capacities they possessed as by any explicit and carefully planned scheme to deny women access to the instruments of democracy. † Louisa May Alcott Little Women was a fictional novel. However, it has long been regarded as â€Å"a significant exploration of the processes of coming a woman. † It acknowledged the various conflicts inherent in the girls’ artistic ambitions and social expectations†¦ â€Å"[3] The author acknowledges that she used her own experiences with her sisters to infuse life into her books characters. This edition of the book contained many criticisms of Little Women as well as a chronology of Ms. Alcott life. Ms. How to cite Little Women Critique, Papers

Art Still Life Essay Sample free essay sample

Still life is a type of painting. It’s a image of objects that don’t move. The creative person looks at objects. like vases. fruit. bottle’s flower’s and surveies the manner the light hits the objects. the shadow’s and the form. Archie Forrest is a Scots creative person. who was born in 1950. Archie attended the Glasgow school of art in 1969 and left in 1973. He so spent 7 old ages learning pupils as an art coach. In 1985 he stopped learning and wholly devoted him clip. to doing art. Forrest’s work is really popular and has appeared in many different galleries throughout Scotland. He is now aged 62 and still continues to lend his work. ‘Wee group’ is an illustration of Archie’s work. The pulling consists of many random objects on an old wooden tabular array. The spectator chiefly focuses on the tabular array. as all the objects are found on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Art: Still Life Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The object used are. assorted fruits scattered about. a vase with many different colored flowers. a unambiguously patterned jug and an old clothe hanging off the border of the tabular array. This is an interesting combination. as these objects would non usually be found together. The drawing is split up into three subdivisions. the foreground. the background. and the midground. The underneath of the tabular array is the foreground. the objects on the tabular array are the midground. and the background is a field and tiring wall. It’s besides sectioned utilizing horizontal and perpendicular lines. The manner the fruit is placed makes a horizontal line. the tabular array. fabric. jug and vase are all perpendicular lines. The objects that make up the drawing are all in really similar colorss. like warm picket pinks. blues and picks. The horizontal objects are all in really different sunglassess from the perpendicular objects. the horizontal objects are bright orange. ruddy and green. The image as a whole has a warm feel to it. As the background and midground colorss are pale sunglassess. like calcium hydroxide viridity and pick. this makes the picture less intense. However even though the colorss used for the fruit are bright and bold. it still doesn’t take away from the pictures composure and relaxed subject. The objects merely contrast with the remainder of the pulling to pull attending to them. A strong black tone is used in the background and foreground of the image and each of the objects are clearly defined with a black lineation. doing them seem 3D. The darkened background brings in the foreground and makes it hold depth. The fruit is overlapping the jug. conveying the fruit forward and the jug backwards into the background. A batch of the fruit is besides overlapping. giving all the objects distance across the tabular array. The texture of the picture seems smooth as he uses objects that would be smooth in existent life. He makes the fruit seem absolutely round and glistening. Whereas the tabular array looks ragged and unsmooth. every bit good as the wall in the background. There’s an obvious alone form on the jug. repeated curves and lines are used to give the fruit and vase form. It looks like he’s been controlled and relaxed when pulling this. The picture to me seems really relaxed and unagitated. due to the colors Archie used. The objects on the tabular array. although they are placed indiscriminately in no peculiar order. still look tidily arranged so the picture seems orderly non mussy and loud. I don’t believe Archie Forrest has made a immense part to his motion as he is s till populating. The 2nd image I choose to analyze is. ‘still life with Earthenware and bottles’ by Van Gogh. Van Gogh is a really well-known creative person who was born in 1883. he grew up in Holland. His household were really spiritual as his male parent was a curate. When Vincent left school. he decided to follow his uncle’s calling as an art trader. Although he was happy with his work. he grew tired of the art trade. It wasn’t until 1880. aged 27. that he genuinely started to go an creative person. He attended the ‘academe Royale des Beaux arts’ in Brussels. Belgium. He immediately fell in love with art. Although he would travel on to pull more than 900 pictures in the following 10 old ages. he was neer to the full appreciated in his life-time. It was merely after he took his life in 1890 that his work was discovered and went on to act upon many creative persons to come. In this image there are two bowls. a vase. a pigment coppice. 3 bottles and an eatherw ane pot. The two smaller pots are positioned at either terminals of the tabular array. The largest pot is in the centre of the image and inside it there is the pigment coppice. They are all sat on an old looking brown tabular array. Because the bottles in this picture appear far off. we would state at that place in the background. the two bowls at either side of the picture expression closest to us. so they are in the foreground. The midground subdivision is the tabular array as it appears deeper than the foreground but non every bit deep as the background. The image itself is rather dark. Except the blue and white bowl. this stands out against everything. The image is built up of chiefly brown tones. He juxtaposed the green coloring material of the bottles in the background with the dark ruddy coloring material of the bowl in the Centre. This image is broken down into many simple soft forms they all round off at some point. The forms are average sized. except the little bowls at the side of the image and the bowl which is rather big and in the Centre of the picture to pull attending to it. The texture of the picture seems smooth and elaborate. like he’s concentrated on it a batch. He’s drawn these objects in round gestures to give them form. It looks like how it would experience in existent life. Color in this image. seems to melt from the underside of the picture to the top. making this gives the picture distance and makes it look far off. The largest form convergence with the two objects on the sides giving it depth. This image makes me experience baffled as he uses dark tones and colorss. but he besides uses a bright blue for the bowl. So I don’t know whether to experience happy or sad. I think van Gogh felt this manner to. I besides think he felt relaxed as his brushstrokes seem orderly smooth like he’s concentrated on it. Since Van Gogh’s decease he has made a immense part to art. he has influenced many creative persons and the manner art he has changed the manner art is done today. Archie and Van Gogh are two really different creative persons. Looking at Van Goghs work he was celebrated for his bold. dramatic brushstrokes that convayed his feelings. demoing he went through alot of emphasis. However archie pictures seem much more concentrated. he seems like a laid back. relaxed type individual. Very unlike Van Gogh who lived an dying and brainsick life. Van Gogh besides tended to utilize really dark sunglassess. he really seldom used bright colorss. but archie uses all different types of colors. both really bright and really dark. Although archie is in his early 60’s and still produces new art work. he has non yet made a immense part to his clip but Van Gogh. although dead. still continues to this twenty-four hours to act upon immature creative persons.

Virus Invaders Essays - Virology, Virus, Medicine, Clinical Medicine

Virus Invaders Katie Turner Technical Writing Period 7 Virus Invaders, written by Alan E. Nourse, M.D., explores different viruses and our body's defenses against them. This book traces the history of the discovery of viruses, and discusses the difficulty of identifying them, major diseases caused by viruses, the present state of virology, and the prognosis for the treatment. This book is an up-date examination of the structure and function of viruses that covers how they invade the body and what they do once they have entered. Common and uncommon diseases (chicken pox, hepatitis, mononucleosis, herpes, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, encephalitis, AIDS) are discussed in depth. Viruses are so mysterious and their behaviors are so complex that it is almost as difficult to describe them to the nonscientist as it is to study them in the laboratory. Nourse does an awesome job of writing in laypersons' terms without making the reader feel like a child. The most fascinating chapter describes viruses as the not-quite-living enemy. The photographs of laboratories look dull and fuzzy in the book and the black-and-white illustrations are not that great for representing magnified specimens. However, Nourse does a good job in explaining this information. Nourse describes the discovery of viruses and their nature, and discusses the variety of viral diseases, vaccines and immunity, and recent research. He presents a wide scope of information; detailed, complex explanations about such topics as DNA and RNA; and focuses on AIDS and HIV. Likewise, hepatitis A, B, and C are dealt with separately. An excellent double-page chart details in outline form the viruses, diseases caused, organs attacked, symptoms, usual outcomes, and possibilities of an available vaccine. Analogies and action-packed adjectives and nouns will keep young readers actively involved in unraveling the mysteries of these 'tiny tyrants.' . . . Current areas of viral research are presented, encouraging a continued interesting this subject. Only a couple of minor flaws are seen in the beauty of this excellent presentation. The book is recommended highly, both for general knowledge and as material for the classroom. Bibliography Whats up man English Essays

Social Problems Essay Example

Social Problems Essay Example Social Problems Essay Social Problems Essay There are many social problems that teenagers go threw. Drugs and Teenagers Drug use is the increasing problem among teenagers in today’s high schools. Most drug use begins in the preteen and teenage years, these years most crucial in the maturation process. During these years adolescents are faced with difficult tasks of discovering their self identity, clarifying their sexual roles, assenting independence, learning to cope with authority and searching for goals that would give their lives meaning. Drugs are readily, adolescents are curious and venerable, and there is peer pressure to experiment, and there us a temptation to escape from conflicts. The use of drugs by teenagers is the result of a combination of factors such as peer pressure, curiosity, and availability. Drugs addiction among adolescents in turn leads to depression and suicide. One of the most important reasons of teenage drug usage is peer pressure. Peer pressure represents social influences that effect adolescents, it can have a positive or a negative effect, depending on person’s social group and one can follow one path of the other. We are greatly influenced by the people around us. Another teenagers social problem is unwanted pregnancy at the age of sixteen or seventeen. There should be held classes in every school, about sexual encounters. Improving communication about sexuality to children might change some of the formed ideas that kids have. Besides the fact that girls can end up pregnant if they don`t use protection, there is also the possibility of taking sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the parents don`t explain to their children what is the deal with sex because they just assume that they already know. Because there are so many movies teenagers can form an idea. Well it`s best to talk to your child like from a friend to a friend. Also , teenagers can become friends with all the wrong people. Most of them want to be liked so much that they hang out with more bigger kids that steal, go in clubs, drink and crash parties. Because this is the period when teenagers are very easy to convince they start doing the same things. After this period of rebellion ends, things will settle down. Social problems Essay Example Social problems Essay Social problems Essay One out of every six American women has been the victims of an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. Rape is a crime that must be shot from extending its tentacles of agony to innocent women. Rape and suicide have recently become two almost inseparable partners which have constituted serious concern to social analysts and commentators on the violence against women. It is pathetic to know that human beings can become so callous that they would expose others to the sufferings that characterize the after-effects of rape and suicide. This callosity has consistently created a great deal of trauma for the victims of such violent acts; their lives never remain the same and they forever carry the deep-hurts against culprits and usually detached from the rest of the world. All individuals, organizations and all governments must rise up to this crisis, and fight it until culprits are prosecuted and others deterred from such crime.SOCIAL HISTORY OF RAPE AND SUICIDEIn a society that is undergoing character deterioration, what do you except? In a nation that has enormous emphasis on freedom, license and personal ‘liberty’ rights, what is next? Incidences of suicide and rape are rather increasing as a result of the generalized deterioration of values in the society. The advent of moral relativism has opened an avenue for all kinds of immorality and violence in our society; these things are raising more concerns for the general public.This is even now even traceable to similar crimes in secondary and high schools. Besides, there have also been reports that such depict a state of the society with respect to sexual promiscuity that is prevalent, the rising awareness and interest in almost or even naked ‘adamic’ dressing styles prevalent nowadays. Of note also are the activities of cult groups that encourage their members to engage in such unholy acts in order to climb higher the order of significance. Such groups also make it a duty to engage in other crimes as ways of patriotism to the Leader and as acts of ‘manhood’. What makes matters is that such groups are sponsored by highly placed personalities, who may also be involved in the eradication of the crime from the society.INCIDENCES OF RAPE AND SUICIDE AND THE MEDIARape has been a confidential issue, and as such only few cases and identities of victims are portrayed unless the victims I bold enough to accept the invitation of publicity. Many have only become aware by news, police reports and most importantly by entertainment media like movies and songs. The movie industry has done quite well in portraying the crime of rape and the aftermath of some as suicide, in real lights.New cases emerge everyday; about three rape cases take place every minute. Some of these cases are reported but most are not, because of the societal stigmatization associated with that. Really, the figures are quite alarming, and show that something has to be done about this unjust v iolence about the innocent gentle female folks. The issue of rape with associated suicide seems however to be on s steady state, as only few victims eventually get to release their emotions to the angry fingers of painful suicidal death. However, rape, in form of physical assault, forceful sexual intercourse, is not restricted to the female as some have also been reported males as well as children. Similarly, there have also been cases of rape in marriages.‘In women, one out of every six American women has been the victims of an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. A total of 17.7 million women have been victims of these crimes. In 2003, nine out of every ten rape victims were female. While about 80% of all victims are white, minorities are somewhat more likely to be attacked. In men, about three percent of American men - a total of 2.78 million men - have experienced an attempted or completed rape in their lifetime. In 2003, one in every ten rape victims was male. In children, 15% of victims are under age12, 29% are age 12-17, 44% are under age 18 and 80% are under age 30’, this statistics reported by Prevalence, Incidence and Consequences of Violence Against Women Survey of the National Institute of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998 and 2003 National Crime Victimization Survey confirm the trend of rape in the country.THE SOCIETY: RAPE AND SUICIDEThe case of violence and crime such as rape has a bad impact on the society. It is important to note that the aftermath of rape on their victims is terrible; these victims go through stages similar to grief over loss of a loved one, and are usually perpetually depressed. In cases where such victims do not find substantial support around them, their level of depression ameliorates and eventually gives in to the roaring lion called death by means of suicide. Experiences and accounts of victims show that it is difficult to overcome the trauma of rape.Worse still is the stigmatization that is attached to rape victims, just like AIDS patients; this rarely complicates the issue and worsens the matter. The character of such people is fast eroded; they begin to see themselves as of no use to the society. If they do not resort into suicide, they engage in other anti-social acts inimical to peace of others; just because they see themselves as cheated by lives. The Police increase the burning temperature of agonizing flame by some of their actions; they report the inability to locate such culprits.   Their investigation bureau has really not been forthcoming in this regard.The society needs top sensitized about this crime, and preventive measures taken to correct. Some of these would include lighting of dark zones, maximum security at night clubs, cinemas, game centers and large public parties, and even schools. These places have formed the ‘cave’ where the evil is conformably performed.   The Police are really doing enough to combat thi s crime with their complacence; judicial actions are quite satisfactory but there is still need to be more effective and speedy prosecution without bias to power would be beneficial.CONCLUSIONRape is a crime; it can be lead to a terminal disorder, suicide if care is not taken. Therefore, all hand must be on deck to eradicate it , or at best reduce the trend.REFERENCESPrevalence, Incidence and Consequences of Violence against Women Survey, National Institute of Justice and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998.2003 National Crime Victimization SurveyRape and suicide. Accessed from www.suicide.org/rape-and-suicide.htmlAdams Daniel, Mother’s Story of Rape. Accessed from collegiatetimes.com/news/1/ARTICLE/5908/2005-10-19.html?sid=50c9f6a91b4d3d8e01de652e78295f12

Rationale for Moral Action After 1918 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rationale for Moral Action After 1918 - Essay Example Discovering that even the states were fallible in their interpretations of moral action, individuals were left in confusion attempting to discover just what was expected of them and how they were supposed to answer these major questions of life. To determine what rationale could be used to assess correct moral action after 1918, a number of authors began to write about the subject, or around the subject, attempting to provide their readers with a sense of what was right and what was wrong based upon newly established criteria in keeping with their individual viewpoint. Before discovering what authors such as Hannah Arendt, Modris Eksteins, Franz Fanon and Heda Kovaly have to say about morality and legitimacy, one must first have a clear idea of what is meant when the term ‘morality’ is used. There are a number of things that can be implied when using the word ‘morality.’ According to Bernard Gert (2008), morality can be used â€Å"to refer to a code of conduct put forward by a society, some other group such as religion or accepted by an individual for her own behavior.† It can also be used to refer to a specific code of conduct that would normally be used by any group of rational people. There is a distinct difference in these two definitions that lies at the heart of the morality question. The first understanding suggests that there are different codes of morality for different people or cultural groups that are not necessarily valid in another group. This implies that the second definition cannot hold true because it suggests that there is a sort of universal code of conduct that is applicable to all human races, cultures and religious practices. When looking at the work of the above-named authors, it seems clear that they are attempting to suggest this sort of universal code is valid, but that its interpretation is not always equally applied.

SG Cowen Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SG Cowen - Case Study Example Societe Generale was an international bank founded in 1864 in France and after its collaboration with Cowen and Company; it came to be known as SG Cowen from the year 1998. By the year 2000, it had become one of the world’s largest banks in the world. By December 2000, they had acquired an asset of more than $430 billion. One of their aims was to place their foothold in the United States as an investment bank. At the inception SG Cowen had around 1,500 employees and they had planned to remain as a ‘boutique-sized firm’. The hiring process of the company starts in early spring and winter; therefore the candidates are expected to get involved with the company from summer. In spite of not going to business schools they have recruited various candidates as analysts and promote them to a first year associate when they complete their third year in the firm. A few candidates who have completed their internship of business school in SG Cowen get offer of full-time employm ent after their internship; therefore SG Cowen provide an opportunity for them to join in the subsequent summer after completing their course. Evaluation of the Hiring Process Used by the Firm SG Cowen accepts resumes from the students and conducts informal interview in their office before the formal first round of interview. Therefore, the students can get a chance to know about the industry and their various functions. In the meantime, the company can understand the desire, passion and seriousness of the students for the required position. The recruiting director of the company, Mr. Rae has chosen few banking professionals and bestowed the responsibility of captaining a team. The captain of the team is assigned for all those schools in which SG Cowen will go for campus recruitment. Prior to the commencement of the interview process, each captain of the team makes brief formal presentation of the company and then has an informal conversation with the students for a specified period of time. Subsequently, the informational interview is conducted. The students who are really interested for the company and its position make themselves thoroughly prepared for the first round interview. For selection of the candidate, SG Cowen follows two or three schedules which consist of both open and closed ones. In open schedule, the interests of the students are provided priorities and in closed one, the company selects the resumes of the candidates which have been previously submitted. In the first round of the interview session, the interviewers test the ‘culture fit’ of the candidates. They also try to find out the desired candidates who can make it during Super Saturday. Few bankers are generous in their judgment of the students while others are tough during their assessment. The details of the candidate’s profile are mentioned in the assessment sheet which may be helpful to the bankers. The six candidates out of twenty four have been shortlisted for the second round. The interview for the second round is conducted on the campus on the same night. Thus, the selected students can be invited for the Super Saturday. Super Saturday starts on Friday afternoon where selected candidates from different schools arrive and convene with the interviewers for cocktails and dinner at a restaurant. The next day, i.e. Saturday morning is again the time for final round interview. The interview session starts at nine consisting of five half-hour sessions for each candidate with short breaks. As a result, Super Saturday is hectic and exhausting for the interviewers and the interviewees as well. The interviewers have to come to a final decision related to the hiring process at the conclusion of this tiring procedure. After examining all

Using a chosen organisation, identify how the role of PR contributes Essay

Using a chosen organisation, identify how the role of PR contributes to the achievements of the organisations corporate mission and objectives - Essay Example These challenges have resulted in bad publicity for the company, which is the last thing it needs as it tries to forge ahead with its objectives. This is where PR comes in. Google’s PR policy, developed and implemented by some of the most dynamic practitioners in the US, has been influential in countering the negative press generated by its legal and ethical problems. The company’s PR policy is designed to encourage closer and more personalised interactions with its customers. For example, its Gmail service has been used in recent years to emphasise its understanding of users’ needs and habits. Google has, in recent years, started sponsoring charities and actively participating in CSR initiatives that generate positive publicity and counter the negative press created by its ethical and legal problems (Moore, 2014:34). In Africa, for example, the company is collaborating with local start-ups and NGOs to improve various conditions. Finally, Google’s PR policy has portrayed it as transparent and sustainable; probably the most sustainable technology company in the world. Although this may not be necessarily true, it resonates with customers and capitalises on the current clamour for and attractiveness of sustainability and longevity in the corporate world (Moore, 2014:36). In the duration of this coursework, I have learned that PR is more than just about publicity. In fact, I have learned that the notion that PR equals publicity ended in the beginning of the 21st century. Currently, PR is a wide field that comprises many different disciplines and plays a role at all levels of society and government. I have also learned that PR starts with me. We engage, many times, in PR-related activities without our knowledge. For example, the way we relate to each other is a case of good or bad PR, and it defines our approaches to the subject as we become more experienced (Moore, 2014:39). In practising PR, I have adopted a

Examining Major Library Management Software Information Technology Essay

Examining Major Library Management Software Information Technology Essay With the gradual shift from earlier agricultural era to todays information era the users expectations towards library services has been changed. Now a days users are intended to get their required information through online. Even they have not enough time to search manual bibliographical sources of information to know the location of the document in the library, they needed. Users are so busy now. Therefore it is necessary for every library information centers to automate their services that are offered to the users of information. 2. WHAT IS LIBRARY AUTOMATION? International Encyclopedia of Information technology and library science defines automation as the technology concerned with the design and development of process and system that minimize the necessity of human invention in their operation. The term Library Automation in the past was used to refer to the mechanization of the traditional library operations like acquisition, serial control, cataloguing and circulation control. Today it is used to refer computerization of not only traditional library activities but also such related activities as information organization, information storage, retrieval, use etc Although computers play very important role in the automation of libraries, application of telecommunication and reprography technology is also equally important. 3. NEED FOR LIBRARY AUTOMATION The need for library automation can be explained following To facilitate wider and deeper access to information; To increase the retrievability of the resources; To achieve a new level of library management; To improve the existing services and to introduce new services; To improve control over collection; To have an efficient control over the entire operation; To avoid the duplication of work; To facilitate sharing of the resources among various libraries. Some of the factors that forced the libraries to go for automating the activities are: Information Explosion; Space Saving; Time saving; Availability of information in electronic form; Cost effectiveness; Data manipulation; Exploitation of computer readable databases. Therefore it can be said that the success of library automation mostly depends upon the nature of the software used for the purpose. Software helps in performing each every operations of an automated library information centers so quickly easily. 4. WHAT IS LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE? An automated library is one where a computer system is applied to manage one or several of the librarys key operations. Such as acquisitions, serials control, cataloging, circulation and the public access catalogue. Automated library system depends on library automation packages are also called Library Management Software (LMS). Library automation software provides centralized management and process automation for government; public, private libraries .Library automation applications provide integration of self-service kiosks and online web portal access for catalog search, content delivery or reservation requests and patron check-out history. They also track and automate notification of overdue books and fines. 5. BENEFITS OF USING LMS IN LIBRARY Software helps in performing library operations quickly easily and thus saving the time of the users and staff. It also saves the manpower. LMS are integrated software package. LMS are compatible to various hardware systems. It is compatible to national international bibliographic standards. Operation in a multi-user environment. Operation in a networked environment. User friendly and menu driven. Least response time. Capable of handling bibliographical, numerical as well as textual data, also variable field. Sub-fields repeatable fields. Provision of data security through password. Provision for thesaurus and authority file maintenance. Output facility through card printing; bibliographies and on magnetic media (tape; diskette etc). Facilitate search through Boolean logic; Single term search; Multiple term search; Truncation search; Field directed searching etc. Import/ Export of data through standard exchange format. Provide powerful scanner capabilities. Display, sort and print records as per user defined formats. WWW interfacing. Multimedia compatibility. 6. LIBRARY AUTOMATION SOFTWARE PACKAGES There are hundreds of library automation software packages available at the global level. It is difficult to list them all. Here is a table that shows list of some available software packages designed and developed for the libraries. TABLE: 1 Sl. No. Name of the software Designing, Developing, Marketing/Distributing Agency/Organizations 1 CDS/ISIS (DOS), WINISIS(WINDOWS) UNESCO ,in India NISSAT/DSIT acts as the nodal agency 2 ALICE for Windows ,OASIS for DOS Soft Link Pvt., Australia. Marketed in India by Soft Link Asia 3 BASISPLUS and TECHLIB PLUS Information Dimensions Inc.(IDI), USA and NIC, New Delhi 4 SOUL INFLBNET center, Ahamedabad 5 Libsys Libsys corporation, New Delhi 6 Koha Katipo Communications Limited of Wellington, New Zealand 7 VIRTUAILS VTLS Inc, Virginia, USA 8 LAMP Jointly by Netherlands Library Association ,Pakistan Library Association and UNESCO 9 LIBSUIT SOFT-AID Computer Ltd., Pune 10 LIBRIS Frontier Information Technology Pvt. Ltd, Hyderabad 11 WINSANJAY By DESIDOC under a NISSAT project 12 NG-TLMS.NET Developed in Germany by TRANCE Group 13 AUTOLIB By Autolib Software System, Chennai 14 E-GRANTHALYA By NIC, Bangalore 15 GRANTHALYA NISCAIR 16 NEWGENLIB By collaboration of Kesavan Institute of Information and Knowledge Management(KIIKM), Hyderabad and Venus Solutions Pvt. Ltd. 17 NEXLIB NEX Evolve Logic Solution Pvt. Ltd. 18 SLIM Algorhythems Consultants Pvt. Ltd., Pune 19 LIBMAN Datapro Consultancy Service,Pune 20 Maitrayee CMC Ltd., Kolkata 21 MINISIS Nirmal Institute of Computer Expertise, Tiruchirapalli 22 TULIP Tata Unisys, Noida 23 NILIS Asmita Consultant Ltd.,Mumbai 24 EASYLIB Easylib Corporation, Bangalore 25 TROODON Comtek service Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 6.1 SOUL: A SEMI COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE SOUL (Software for University Libraries) provided by INFLIBNET center, Ahmedabad, INDIA. This software is intended to be provided to all the university libraries, which have been covered under INFLIBNET for which a separate agreement will have to be signed by each library. For others who are interested in using this software, particularly public funded organizations, separate modalities are being worked out including pricing, support, training etc. Hardly a cost in comparison to other commercial software is given by the libraries. That is why SOUL software is a semi commercial software. The software was designed to automate all house keeping operations in Library. The software is suitable not only for the academic libraries, but also for all types sizes of libraries, even school libraries. 6.2 LIBSYS: A PROPRIETARY SOFTWARE Libsys is a proprietary software. The term proprietary is derived from the Latin word proprietas meaning property. Proprietary software is computer software licensed under exclusive legal right of its owner. The purchaser, or licensee, is given the right to use the software under certain conditions, but restricted from other uses, such as modification, further distribution, or reverse engineering. LIBSYS is developed by Libsys Corporation, New Delhi. Libsys is a complete, comprehensive, integrated system that manages all aspects of all kind of libraries i.e. public, national, higher education and research libraries. 6.3 KOHA: AN OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE KOHA is a full featured Integrated Library System. It is an open source software. There is no cost for the license; you have the freedom to modify the product to adapt it to your needs. Like other open source software KOHA also provide the original source code used to create it so that users can modify it to make it work better for them. KOHA developed initially in New Zealand by Katipo Communications with Horowhenua Library Trust in1999. Koha is using now by so many libraries around the world, including academic, public, school, special libraries of Australia, Africa, Canada, USA, France, India and off course New Zealand. 7. COMPARISONS BETWEEN THESE THREE KINDS OF SOFTWARE This paper gives emphasize on a comparative study among these 3 types of software. Each one has unique features regarding to its server, web server, Architecture, client, price, standard support, training provided to the customers etc. The following Table: 2 Shows the comparisons between these. TABLE: 2 Sl. No. FEATURE SOUL LIBSYS KOHA 1 Architecture Client-server based architecture, only OPAC is web based. Based on client-server model and TCP/IP for communication and networking. Based on a client-server architecture. 2 Server Windows-NT/ Windows2000 server (operating system) MS-SQL server 7.0/ Advance server 2000(RDBMS) personal web server or Windows NT IIS with option pack 4.0 installed or Windows 2000 as server for web opac college version windows-98/ ME/NT/2000/XP/2003(operating system). UNIX, LINUX Pentium machine with SCO Unix/Unix Ware SunSparc with solaris Alpha with OSF/1 RS/6000 with AIX HP-9000 with IRIX Windows NT/2000/XP Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/ 2003(operating system) Windows/Linux 3 Client Standard Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) Standard Windows (95/98/NT/2000/XP) Web Enabled (JSP implementation) Unix Workstations X-Windows Workstations (Xterm) VT220 compatible terminals Thin Java clients. Windows/Linux 4 Web server IIS Apache, IIS Apache, IIS. 5 GUI Based on GUI browsers. Based on GUI browsers. Based on GUI browsers. 6 Character Encoding Unicode for Language Computing Support ISCII UNICODE UNICODE 7 Standard support Support internationally known standards such as MARC 21, CCF, AACR2, LCSH. MARC 21 and AACR2R(selected authority fields) a)Industry standards: Z39.50, UNIMARC, ISO2709, MARC21 b)Technical standards: the OPAC is valid XHTML, and respects the standards o accessibility c) web standards recommended by the WWW Consortium. 8 Database MSSQL, MYSQL Software can be used with either SQL Server, ORACLE, or MySQL as a back-end RDBMS with ODBC compatibility. Koha uses a dual database design that utilizes the strengths of the two major industry-standard database types (text-based and RDBMS). This design feature ensures that Koha is scalable enough to meet the transaction load of any library, no matter what the size of the library. 9 Data import /export data exchange through ISO-2709 standard CCF(ISO-2709), MARC(ANSI-Z39.x) data exchange through ISO-2709 standard 10 Acquisition Module yes yes yes Catalogue Module yes yes yes Circulation Module yes yes yes OPAC Module yes yes yes Serial Control Module yes yes yes Administrati-on Module yes yes yes 11 Training and manual An extensive training in SOUL will be provided to the library staff on site upon its installation by Inflibnet staff Only user manual is available, system manual (such as installation and configuration of server not provided) system manual kept hidden or not provided so that AMC (Annual Maintenance Contract) can be taken from libraries. Full training and manual is provided 12 Support Team National and Regional Soul coordinators are appointed for this,free support is provided Costly only on the basis of AMC(10 to 20% of total costs) charged from the libraries Only online discussion and support is available free of cost 13 Price 20-50 thousand. No AMC 4 to 5 lakhs and 10-20% AMC. Free 14 License No other commitment, what is their in it may be used Bias with developers and distributors, even committed things are not yet done properly at various places where it is in use. General Public License 15 Latest Release SOUL 1.0 was released during CALIBER 2000. The latest version of the software i.e. SOUL 2.0 released by the end of the year 2008. 3.2 (October 2010) 16 Nature of developing organization Non for profit or government Commercial Developing under open source category. 8. CONCLUSION As it was mentioned earlier that the success of library automation mostly depends upon the nature of the software it is used for. Therefore it is necessary for any library information center that they choose the software very carefully. The management must discuss about how the software matches the librarys requirements, product quality, cost factor, various features of the software, its functions, installation date and time duration of installation, staff training, support services, licensing, used standard etc. Here we discussed about these 3 software and it can be said that as in Koha the source code is open so the users are free to innovate and improve the software to meet their needs free. Innovation also means that open source software has much faster development cycles when compared to proprietary and commercial software. Because as the source code is open so it can be improve again again. But this is not possible in the case of other 2 software. LIBSYS is so costly (around 4-5 lakhs). So it is not possible for a small library to adopt it. But in case of a big library where money is not a big issue for their LIBSYS is appropriate. Because data entry, searching procedure is so much easy in LIBSYS and also when technical support is needed for application of the software in the library LIBSYS always provide it. Although SOUL is not so costly but it required a large technically strong manpower. So SOUL is appropriate for a big library who can provide manpower but at the same time they have not enough money to effort LIBSYS or some other costly software. Although SOUL has a college version also. And for a small library which can not afford money but they are intendent to make their services and operational functions automate and even they have not also manpower ability. For them KOHA is the only option. Even though wide range of Library automation softwares are available , it is necessary for librarians to keep watch on the developments and to choose appropriate software package depending on their needs.

Jennifer Lopez :: Art

Jennifer Lopez Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born July 24, 1970 in Castle Hill, Bronx. She is the daughter of Guadalupe and David Lopez. Lopez has been able overcome the Spanish stereotypes becoming the highest paid Latin woman in the world. Every time she appears on magazine covers, presents on the Oscars, makes movies and music she is breaking down barriers and showing that every woman, no matter what race, can do this. The place where Jennifer grow up was a Spanish area, with people, food, and music Her grandparents taught her all about her roots. That is why she is proud of her ethnic background. As Jennifer grow up â€Å"West Side Story† was an inspiration to her, she especially looked up to a character named â€Å"Anita† played by Rita Moreno. She has always admired her. Ever since Jennifer was a kid she knew that she wanted to be a actress, singer, and dancer. When she was 5 years old she took ballet classes at the â€Å"Ballet Hispanico†. She Contained taking classes trough her teenage years. All trough her life she â€Å"On The 6† train to go tryout for dance auditions. When Jennifer was 15 years old, she meets her ten year long boyfriend David Cruz, know as â€Å"The best looking guy in the neighborhood†. Her parents did not approve of the relationship. Eventually they had outgrown the relationship, because David’s and her life were headed in a different direction, she also got lost in the Hollywood entertainment culture. Jennifer held multiple jobs, going to school during the day, dancing at night and kept a job, she was not home often. She even dropped out of college, because she knew she wanted to pursue dancing . At one point she and her mom had big fallout. When she was 18 years old she got kicked out of her house. She got an apartment at â€Å"Hell’s Kitchen†, the same neighborhood that Jennifer’s other role model â€Å"Lisa Lisa† grow up in. In 1990 Lopez gets her first big break as a fly girl in â€Å"In Living Color†, she beat more then 100,000 other girls for the part. She also takes acting classes and begins to appear in music video’s like Janet Jackson’s â€Å"That’s The Way Love Goes†. She went on tour with Janet and saw the pop culture that eventfully she would lead. She appears in sit-coms that did not really last like â€Å"Hotel Malibu† and â€Å"Nurses On The Line†.

How to Write a Business Proposal

A business proposal is perhaps one of the most critical documents you need to learn how to write. It is what spells the difference between success and failure, whether you’re a freelancer or you have a company of your own. In today’s cut-throat business world, entrepreneurs find themselves spending hours upon hours submitting business proposals to potential clients, and not get any results. On the other hand, there are those that are like snipers, able to get the contract after just submitting one business proposal. So how do they do it? Well, this article will teach you show you how to do just that.The Basics of a Business ProposalBefore you even go and start writing that business proposal, you must first understand what it is and learn the basics. A business proposal is a written document that offers a particular product or service to a potential buyer or client. There are generally two kinds of business proposals: solicited business proposals (which are submitted in response to an advertisement published by the buyer or client) and unsolicited proposals (submitted or given out to potential buyers or clients even though they are not requesting for one).Business Proposal vs. Business PlanQuite often, the terms â€Å"business proposal† and â€Å"business plan† are used interchangeably, giving you the impression that they are one and the same. But they are not. A business proposal is created to offer a product or service to a buyer or client. On the other hand, a business plan is a â€Å"formal statement of a set of business goals† and how these would be achieved. The latter is only part of what is included in a business proposal.3 Ps of a Winning Business ProposalThe secret behind writing a winning business proposal and one that will just be set aside is the presence of what I call the 3 Ps: problem statement, proposed solution, and pricing information.Problem StatementA successful business proposal must be one that is able to describe to the client what their needs are in a plain and simple manner. This is extremely  vital because how can you expect the client to believe that you can help them solve their problems if you don’t even know are these problems? Here’s an example of a well-written problem statement of a business proposal: With the presence of social media in today’s advancing world, Puffin Media Inc. hesitated to make the leap from traditional marketing to social media marketing. Their marketing tactics seem to be losing effectiveness and the company feels as if they are missing out on a large segment of their market. In addition, their competition has began acquiring the majority of the business in the market and have brought Puffin Media’s growing revenues to a halt.Proposed SolutionThe main objective of submitting a business proposal is to offer a solution to a problem faced by a prospective client. This part should be as detailed as possible, and able to addr ess each and every need you have discovered. Here’s an example:The solution that is recommended for Puffin Media Inc. is to deploy their company on all of the major social media channels; however, there is a major difference in creating social media platforms versus creating a brand you can promote on those platforms. A marketing campaign must be created utilizing these media channels and creating immediate engagement with your audience. In order for this to be successful, you know how to make sales. Initially, acquire some fans, followers, subscribers, and connections and invite them to join you in particular discussion or attend a specific event. The purpose of this is not only to promote Puffin Media Inc, but also to solicit feedback from the target audience.Pricing InformationFor many clients, the pricing information is what will make them decide whether they would offer you the contract or not. How to write this part greatly depends on the solution or solutions you inclu ded in the previous segment. If the solution proposed will only entail a short period of time, a Fee Summary will suffice. For longer projects, segment these payments to specific milestones in a Fee Schedule list.Things to Remember When Writing a Business ProposalNow that you know the essentials of a winning business proposal, it’s time to go ahead and start writing, right? Well, not exactly. The next part is to be able to find out what to put under the 3 Ps so that you can develop a business proposal that gets their attention and awards you that contract.Do Your ResearchNot all clients and buyers will give you the explicit details of their wants and needs, especially if you’re submitting an unsolicited business proposal. Extend your research to include the competitors of your potential client, and their customers as well. This will ensure that your business proposal will be as comprehensive and as detailed as possible. Put Yourself in their Shoes.Another thing to reme mber when writing a business proposal is to always put yourself in the shoes of your potential clients. Doing this will help you provide information on things that they would most likely ask, such as â€Å"Why should we pay you this much amount for the solutions you’re offering† and â€Å"How can these changes benefit me?† Why You?If you determined that a company or client has certain needs, chances are others would have done the same. That means that there will be others that have submitted their respective proposals to the company or client. That being said, it is important to make sure to highlight your talents, experience and other qualifications to convince the client why they should choose you or your company.Writing that Business ProposalWhen you got all of these, then you’re finally able to start writing your business proposal. One of the best ways on how to write a persuasive business proposal is to use a business proposal software. Business prop osal software programs helps you write your business proposal without having to worry about how they should be put together and the content that you need to include. These programs contain two kinds of proposal templates that you can use and re-use, depending on which one you need to write. In addition to the stored templates, you can create your own proposal templates through these programs based on previous proposals you’ve created, making it even more  convenient for you and your business.A Final Word†¦Although business proposals present the same information and have the same layout, it’s important to take time and make each one unique. Each project is different, even if it’s with the same company. Remember, a business proposal must show how you or your company can help a potential client.

Djibouti essays

Djibouti essays Djibouti is a small country in the northeastern part of Africa. The country got its name for its one and only big city, Djibouti. According to Encarta Djibouti was and area where, many years ago (100,000), people begin to migrate over to the Middle East. Anyway, Encarta goes on about some kingdoms and how Islam was introduced to the country and eventually it gets to something relevant to this class... It says that in the second half of the 16th century Europeans begin trading coffee and perfumes with the sultanates of Djibouti. France wanted to challenge Britain with trading so they made a bunch of treaties with some rulers of Djibouti and basically got control of the country. This seems pretty simple, but this is the way Encarta says it happened. Anyway France chose Djibouti, as in the city, because it would be a good place to have a railroad, it would link with Addis Ababa. By 1917 France had made the railroad. Large amounts of people began to migrate to In 1946 France made Djibouti its own and called it French Somaliland. Djiboutians voted to remain under French administration, ten years later, however, Djiboutians voted for independence. The Republic of Djibouti achieved full independence on June 27, 1977. Djibouti has an area of 23,200 sq km (8,960 sq mi). It extends 190 km (120 mi) from north to south and 225 km (140 mi) from east to west. The country's highest point, Moussa Ali (2,063 m/6,768 ft), is on the northern border, just where Ethiopian and Eritrean boundaries meet. Lake 'Asal is the lowest point in Africa at 153 m (502 ft) below sea level. According to Encarta Djibouti has potential for generating geothermal energy and producing various minerals like gypsum. Most of the country is ...

How To Write A Dialectical Essay Essays

How To Write A Dialectical Essay Essays How To Write A Dialectical Essay Paper How To Write A Dialectical Essay Paper â€Å"How to write a dialectical essay?† is a typical question for all students. The focus of the dialectical essay lies in the presentation of opposite attitudes towards the certain issue and different understandings of a problem. It presupposes objecting technique as well brainstorming with the aim to discover various ideas related to the topic. The essence of this type of essay is controversial. Throughout the writing process, one denies the certain fact, presents disputable arguments. The aim of the writer lies in the discovery of the new objectives of a well-known issue. The nature of the paper is rather philosophical. This type of assignment requires profound preparation. Like any other type of essay, it has its distinctive features and peculiarities. To satisfy all the needs of the content, it is necessary to follow the next tips. Primarily, the author will face the need to conduct a kind of small research with the aim to discover new angles and perspective of a given issue. To deliver sense-loaded dialectical essay, one has to be competent in the topic and well familiar with it. This assignment demands from student approaching the issue using different objectives. The paper explores a complex of solutions instead of dwelling upon a singular one. The aim of the task to write a dialectical essay is simple. When the supervisor asks you to prepare this task, it means he wants to estimate the flexibility of your thinking as well as the skills of clarifying thoughts concerning a certain subject. An author of a dialectical paper has to discover both positive and negative aspects of the issue and provide for and against points of view concerning the main thesis. The structural elements helping to write a dialectical essay There are the following constituents of the structure explaining how to write a dialectical essay. The dialectic essay should split into five paragraphs. Each abstract has its peculiarities. The introductory paragraph of the dialectic essay includes a thesis sentence. Your thesis statement nature should have two interpretations, meaning that it should be built in the way so that the author can approach it from two opposite angles. Further, in the paper one will have to supply the reader with the controversial points. The format of the intro should be short, and at the same time informative and catchy. In the regular essay, the main body consists of two-three paragraphs with the supporting or denying the main thesis argument. On the contrast, in a dialectic essay, the features differ. After the intro, the author writes the argument paragraph. Here the task is to present one argument, which supports the main thesis. You can provide the target audience with the number of reasons, why it is worth to support the main thesis. The next part is the objection paragraph. Here the task of the writer is to object the statements provided in the precious part of the essay. There is on the important nuance that the writer should be aware of. The objective section should not contain the sentences, the content of which denies the thesis or questions its correctness. It is possible to resent some reasons explaining why the thesis the introduction includes can be doubted. The third section of your essay’s body we call the response. In this part of the essay, the author responds to the statements from the objection section. You should specify it. Bear in mind the fact that you do not need to provide any new arguments. You have to demonstrate the critical approach. Tips on how to write a dialectical essay with the proper conclusion How to write a dialectical essay with the proper conclusion? The last segment of a dialectical essay structure is concluding part. Author has to approach this section of the essay seriously and responsibly. The task of the writer is to formulate the result of the debates, which he held throughout the whole composition. He has to decide which point of view is valid and deserves attention. There cases when the mixture of several points deserves to be right and credible. Moreover, a student has to present the proof that supports his position, sometimes even through the prism of opposing argumentation. In case, when the students change his point of view, he has to supply the target reader with the explanation. Author has to provide reasons and defend his position throughout the whole paper. As soon as you finish the essay, you have to read your composition, paying attention to the following things concerning the content. Primarily, the conclusion should support the thesis as well the argumentation section. The opposing arguments should not deny the main statement of the composition. However, they have to object the other arguments, which you provided in the dialectical essay. Bear in mind the fact that the nature of the essay is disputable and controversial. The main task of the student working on the assignment it to deliver plenty of ideas related to the particular topic. The next step is to arrange all the ideas in the way so that they will deny each other and create the illusion of dispute. The reader has to emerge in a sense and grasp the main idea. General suggestions and demands helping to write a dialectical essay To make your essay worth positive evaluation, you need to be aware of the main writing principles and peculiarities and stick to them. The dialectical paper is a type of essay, which approaches the question from two opposite angles. The conclusion implies the alternative point of view based on the data examined. The task of the writer is to seek for the contrasts, oppositions, and disputes. Then find the idea that combines all those pints and making it the central issue of the essay. While working on this paper, you have applied your dialectical thinking. The main task is to combine two opposite thoughts in one composition. The structural peculiarities of the essay allow mixing the controversial points of view and making your essay looking logically arranged and sense-loaded. Several techniques will assist you in the writing process. You can apply the pro and con collection grid. It will help you to arrange all the points correctly to avoid mixing the points of view in the essay. Moreover, you can use the brainstorming exercise in case you face the scarcity of ideas. With the help of it, you will compile a list of ideas, which will be applicable in the writing process. The format is also a significant criterion influencing the quality of the essay. It concerns the proper citing as well as the acceptable plagiarism rate and grammatical correctness. The average volume of the composition has to include 600-700 words. Facing the need to understand how to write a dialectical essay, do not panic. All you need to do is to be aware of the nature of this type of assignment, be familiar with the requirements of the structure and have flexible thinking. With the help of those success components, you will deliver a paper deserving the highest evaluation!

Performance management plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Performance management plan - Research Paper Example Strategic Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 iv. Management Condition†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.8 v. Labor Market†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 vi. Social Responsibility†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 vii. Work Practices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 C. Performance Management i. Orientation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 ii. Significance of Performance Management System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 iii. Appraisal of the Company’s Current System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 iv. Inadequacies in the Company’s System†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦14 v. Possible Remedies†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 vi. Significance of Remedies to Company’s Objectives†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦16 A. Introduction i. ... The growth of human population and the scramble of the earth’s limited resources force the society to structure systems meant to ensure objective utilization of any available resource material. In the industry,  these integrated social and economic units comprise of many individuals performing different duties. All these duties aim at contributing towards achievement of some stipulated goals. Sahu (2009) asserts that every integrated unit in the society has some distinguishable objectives on how to mobilize the resources at their disposal. The result of these organizations is to distribute the mobilized resources equitably to the involved parties. These stakeholders may include the business owners and public shareholders who had committed some resources towards the mobilization process. These business stakeholders require a systematic structure of organization that will facilitate the actualization of the resource mobilization process. These systematic mechanisms are the bas is of organizations’ management structures. ii. Scope of the Report Steve (2007) and Terry (2007) states that management is an economic concept meant to integrate the efforts of organizations’ workforce and directs them towards the organizations’ goals. The ideal functions of management involve the processes of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the use of an organization’s resources. As described in the preceding sentence, managers are responsible for planning and organizing mechanisms employed in mobilizing the resources. According to Brian (2011) and Cardy (2011), business organizations comprise of individuals performing different professional duties. All these duties performed by the entire human resources relates to one another, either directly or

Integration of Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Integration of Supply Chain Management - Essay Example The article â€Å"Integration of Supply Chain Management with Internet and Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP) Systems: Case Study† focuses on the business environment of Dell Computers (Ghani, Zainuddin, Ghani 97). The articles states that Technology brings in countless advantages to the business environment. Further, the business environment includes businesses having a supply chain management strategy. Specifically the technology used in enhancing the supply chain management process is grounded on the management of information technology. Management harnesses the many benefits of information technology to enhance its supply chain management process. Specifically, information technology is synonymous with the use of the internet or Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. To determine the current status of the company’s supply chain activities. The same article proposes that the environment of business is grounded on generating net profits. To generate net profits, the company must sell its products or services. In turn, the company must deduct the total amount of costs of purchasing or manufacturing the salable products and services. The excess of the revenues or sales over the cost of sales or cost of production is the company’s gross profit. Next, the business must deduct the marketing expenses and the administrative expenses from the gross profit to generate a net profit figure. The same article emphasizes that the supply chain management strategy affects the revenue amount. The company will generate more revenues if the company’s supply chain management activities ensure the delivery of the company’s products and services to the current and prospective customers. A decline in the supply chain management’s delivery system precipitates to lower revenues. Lower revenues will create lower gross profits. A lower gross profit will trigger a lower net profit. A slow supply chain management system will create a delay in the delivery of